I. The Department of English offers programs of study leading to the Master of Arts degree, the Master of Fine Arts degree, and the Doctor of Philosophy degree. Entering students will consult with a departmental advisor to plan their course of study. Students in the MA program will choose one concentration from the five offered: Composition Studies, Language and Linguistics, Literature, Writing (Creative Writing or Professional Writing), or English as a Second Language. Students in the PhD program will choose one of four concentrations: Composition Studies, Professional Writing, Applied Linguistics, or Textual Studies.

Program objectives are: (1) development of skills to engage in original research or original creative writing for publication or for positions in education or industry; (2) development of advance competencies in teaching language or literature and presentation of works to others; and (3) understanding and contribution to contemporary issues and debates in the chosen concentration.

II. MA in English Degree Program

A. Admission

1. An overall minimum grade point average of 2.75 at the undergraduate level.
2. A satisfactory score on the Graduate Record Examination.
3. An official undergraduate and if applicable graduate transcript to Graduate Admissions.
4. Those students wishing admittance into the Creative Writing concentration must submit a portfolio of original work (10 poems, 2 short stories, or 25 pages of creative nonfiction) to the Coordinator of Creative Writing.

An undergraduate degree with a major in English. A student who does not have an undergraduate major in English or appropriate background may be required to complete a maximum of 12 upper division hours in English with a grade of B or higher in each course.

C. Program Requirements

1. A total of thirty (30) semester hours of course work plus a 3-hour thesis and an oral comprehensive exam, or a total of thirty-three (33) semester hours of course work plus a comprehensive written examination for the student who elects not to write a thesis.
2. Two graduate courses (six semester hours) in literature, excluding ENGL 7100.
3. Students must complete the following minimum course work, beyond the requirement in 2, in at least one of these concentrations:
1. Composition Studies—12 hours;
2. Language and Linguistics—12 hours from ENGL 7501, 7511, 7516, and 7590;
3. Writing (Creative or Professional)—15 hours
   1. The Writing concentration (Creative or Professional) requires a 3-hour thesis.
   2. For those in Creative Writing, an additional graduate modern or contemporary literature course (3 semester hours) chosen from the following is required: 7029-39 (where applicable), 7291, 7292, 7293, 7391, 7392, 7393, 7441, 7442, 7462, 7464, 7466, 7702.
   3. Professional Writing students will complete their 15 hours as follows: 7806 and 7809, and three courses selected from the following: 7805, 7807, 7808, 7810, 7816, 7818, and 7862.
4. Literature—18 hours, including 7000 (excluding 7100); Students must take at least one literature course from before 1800 and one literature course from after 1800, and at least one Literary Theory class, which may be chosen from any designated theory class, including 7/8701, 7/8702, and 7/8480. For a comprehensive course listing, see the English Graduate website: www.people.memphis.edu/~egoffice
5. English as a Second Language—18 hours.

NOTE: Courses numbered 7004, 7005, 7006, 7812, and 7813 require approval of the Chair of the Department and Coordinator of Graduate Studies in order to be applied toward any concentration.

4. Oral comprehensive examination for students who write a thesis will consist of both a defense of the thesis and a review of the student’s coursework. Students who elect not to write a thesis will take a written comprehensive examination. Students should contact the English Graduate Office for examination format and dates.
5. Reading knowledge of a foreign language for students in Linguistics. Proficiency may be demonstrated in a variety of ways (inquire in English Graduate Office for options). Students intending to pursue a PhD are advised to develop a reading competency in at least one of the following: French, German, Latin, or Greek.
6. Thesis (ENGL 7996) Optional, except for the concentration in Writing (Creative or Professional).
7. An average of 3.00 in all graduate English courses.
8. Each graduate teaching assistant in the Department of English must enroll in English 7003-8003 before or concurrent with first teaching assignment.

The Master of Fine Arts in Creative Writing provides studies in poetry, fiction, and nonfiction. In addition to writing workshops, students take courses in literature and in the theory of writing, including English language and linguistics. A book-length thesis of publishable quality is required; it will be directed by a member of the MFA faculty. The MFA requires 48 graduate semester hours, with a 3.00 grade point average in all graduate courses.

A. Admission

1. An overall minimum grade point average of 2.75 at the undergraduate level.
2. An official undergraduate and if applicable graduate transcript sent to Graduate Admissions.
3. A portfolio of published or unpublished writing samples in the applicant's chosen genre (at least 20-25 pages of creative nonfiction), demonstrating a potential for development to a professional standard of writing should be submitted to the English Graduate Office.. The writing sample will be evaluated by a committee of MFA faculty. The committee will recommend admission of those applicants with the highest demonstrated talent.
4. Baccalaureate degree in English or if baccalaureate is in another field, twelve (12) semester hours in program prerequisites.
5. Graduate Record General Examination (minimum verbal score: 450).
6. Deadlines: February 15 for the following fall semester admission and October 15 for following spring semester.

A minimum of twelve (12) semester hours in upper division literature courses with a minimum grade point average of 2.5 in these courses.

C. MA Credit

Any applicant who holds an MA degree in English may apply up to a maximum of twenty-four (24) semester hours in English earned for that degree toward the MFA degree, with the approval of the graduate coordinator. A student's advisor will insure that the combination of MA credits and courses taken in the program has appropriate breadth. Credit previously earned at another institution must be presented for evaluation not later than the end of the student’s second semester of enrollment.

D. Core Requirements

1. Writing Workshops and Forms Courses—A total of 15 semester hours required: 12 hours of 7601, 7602 and 7603, at least 9 hours of which must be in chosen genre; one forms class (7470, 7471 or 7472) in chosen genre, and one cross-genre course, either forms 7470, 7471, or 7472, or a workshop (7601, 7602 or 7603).
2. Literature—Eighteen (18) semester hours, elected from ENGL 7000, 7020-39 (literature or criticism topics and approval of the Director of Creative Writing and the Coordinator of Graduate Studies), 7211, 7230, 7232, 7233, 7242, 7244, 7254, 7256, 7264, 7265, 7276, 7278, 7280, 7291, 7292, 7293, 7323, 7324, 7391, 7392, 7393, 7411, 7412, 7441, 7442, 7451, 7452, 7462, 7464, 7466, 7473, 7474, 7701, 7702.
3. Theory of Writing and English Language/Linguistics—Three (3) semester hours selected from ENGL 7020-29 (theory of writing and English Language/ Linguistics topics), 7003, 7501, 7511 through 7517, 7531 through 7537, 7590, 7801, 7802, 7803, 7805, and 7810. The student's advisor will ensure that the selections have appropriate breadth.
4. Another three(3) semester hours chosen from either an additional forms course OR an additional literature course.
5. Thesis (ENGL 7996), six (6) semester hours.
6. Oral review of thesis.

The PhD in English is designed to prepare scholars in widely recognized fields of English, as well as to prepare advanced writing specialists in the fields of business and industry. The structure of the program provides for four related concentrations (Composition Studies, Professional Writing, Applied Linguistics, Textual Studies) that offer students the professional flexibility that comes with competencies acquired through preparation in a broadly integrative discipline.

A. Admission

The following are required for admission to the PhD program in English for all applicants, whether applying with a bachelor’s or master’s degree.

1. Fulfillment of University requirements for admission to the Graduate School.
2. Official undergraduate and gradute transcript(s) sent to Graduate Admissions.
3. A minimum score of 600 generally is expected on the verbal portion of the GRE. In addition, international students for whom English is not their first language must submit a minimum score of 575 on paper (or computer equivalent) on the TOEFL exam.
4. A bachelor’s or master’s degree from an accredited college or university in the United States, usually with a major or a strong minor in English, or the equivalent of one of these degrees in another country.
5. Minimum undergraduate and graduate grade point average of 3.00 is expected.
6. Evidence of competence in writing in English as evidenced by a statement of purpose and a sample of the applicant’s best work.
7. Two letters of recommendation, preferably from college/university professors of English or comparable disciplines.
8. Program Admission: We normally evaluate applicants for the PhD program once each year in February for admission in the Fall semester. Although the Graduate Studies Committee may consider the application of a promising student at other times, February 15 is the deadline by which we must receive all the application materials of anyone who wishes to be considered for an assistantship for the following academic year.

Upon entering the PhD program, a student chooses an advisor in his or her concentration. The advisor will monitor the student’s progress towards completion of the degree. Each semester, the Graduate Studies Committee will examine the academic progress of all students for retention in the program.

C. Graduation Requirements

1. General Requirements
   1. A minimum of 72 hours of graduate credit beyond the bachelor’s degree is required. At least 60 hours of credit must be equivalent to 7000-level coursework or higher.
   2. Students entering the PhD program without a master’s degree may count up to 33 hours of graduate credit toward the 72 hours needed for the PhD. Only graduate hours that were not used for a previous graduate degree and that do not exceed university time restrictions can be transferred. Credit previously earned at another institution must be presented for evaluation not later than the end of the student’s second semester of enrollment.
   3. Master’s level courses will be examined on an individual basis for applicability to the program. Students with a master’s degree must complete at least 39 hours of graduate coursework beyond that master’s degree.
   4. No more than 9 hours granted for dissertation work may be used to attain the required 72 hours for the PhD.
2. Residency Requirements
   The student must complete two successive terms full-time (excluding summer sessions) to fulfill residency requirements.
3. Core Requirements
   Students must take a core of 12 hours in literature; 6 hours in linguistics; 6 hours in composition studies or professional writing; and 3 hours in English Studies Colloquium.
4. Concentration Requirements (beyond Core Requirements)
   1. Composition Studies—21 hours in composition studies.
   2. Professional Writing—21 hours in professional writing.
   3. Applied Linguistics—21 hours in linguistics or ESL.
   4. Textual Studies—9 hours in theory/methodology, 12 hours in textual studies.
5. Electives
   Fifteen (15) hours approved by the advisory committee; six (6) may be taken outside the department.
6. Examination Requirements
   1. Qualifying Examinations—Students entering without a master’s degree in English or 33 hours of appropriate graduate work must take a qualifying examination after accumulating 30 hours of graduate work through graduate transfer credit and/or graduate courses completed at The University of Memphis. Qualifying examinations are designed to ascertain that the range of knowledge is appropriate at this level. These written exams will be tailored to the individual student’s course of study. Examinations are graded high pass, low pass, or fail. Students achieving a high pass on these examinations will be allowed to advance to doctoral-level study. Those who receive a low pass may complete the requirements for a master’s degree. However, a student who receives a low pass or fails one or more sections of the qualifying examination will be given one opportunity to take a different exam.
   2. Comprehensive Examinations—After completing the rest of their required courses and before they begin writing their dissertations, students will take comprehensive examinations designed to test their range of knowledge in their concentration. The comprehensive examinations will consist of three parts: one four-hour written exam in the concentration, another four-hour written exam focused on one or two specified specialty areas (guided by but not restricted to specialty areas as defined by the MLA), and a two-hour oral exam addressing both the written exam and the integration of the candidate’s concentration with other coursework the candidate has taken. The second written exam will be guided by a reading list in the specialized area(s) agreed upon in advance by the student and her/his advisor and approved by the Graduate Coordinator. Students passing these examinations will be allowed to register for dissertation credit.
   3. The PhD comprehensive exam committee for both the written and oral exams will consist of a total of five faculty members. The student will choose an advisor from his/her concentration who will be the chair of the committee. In consultation with the advisor, the student will choose two other members from the concentration. In addition, the student will pick one faculty member from outside the concentration and the advisor will pick one faculty member from outside the concentration.
7. Language Requirements
   Students must demonstrate reading knowledge of two foreign languages or fluency in one foreign language.
8. Dissertation Requirements
   1. Advisory Committee—The student is responsible for choosing a five-member advisory committee composed of the graduate faculty best qualified to help him or her conduct research for the dissertation. If the student’s research requires expertise in a discipline outside the Department of English, the student, in consultation with his or her advisory committee chair, may ask up to two faculty members outside the Department of English to be part of the committee.
   2. Research Proposal—When the student has passed the comprehensive examinations and has done extensive preliminary research, he or she must present and defend a research proposal before the advisory committee. That defense will be open to the entire academic community. The student must give a copy of the proposal to all committee members at least two weeks before the scheduled meeting. The advisory committee must approve the proposal before the student may proceed with the dissertation.
   3. Defense—The dissertation committee will schedule a defense of the completed dissertation. Both the chair of the advisory committee and the candidate must ensure adequate consultation with members of the dissertation committee well in advance of the defense date.

†6500. Language Skills for Internationals. (3).

6533. Issues and Techniques in English as a Foreign Language. (3). Skills, background, and approaches needed to teach English outside the United States.

†6590. International Teaching Assistants. (3).

6602. Advanced Composition. (3). Principles involved in writing clear expository prose. Emphasis on application of these principles; analysis of readings and of students’ writing.

7000-8000. Literary Research. (3). Various approaches to literary scholarship and research methodology; introduction to professional standards, bibliographical methods, and procedures of scholarship and criticism.

7001-8001. Language and Composition. (3). Studies in the craft of composition, with focus upon sound editorial practice and the writing and analysis of the varieties of expository prose.

7003-8003. Theory and Practice in Teaching Composition. (3). Designed for graduate assistants teaching English 1101. Emphasis on the ways and techniques of teaching rudiments of English composition on college level. Required of and restricted to graduate teaching assistants.

†7004-8004. Internship for Graduate Teaching Assistants. (3). Supervision of and consultation with English teaching assistants. PREREQUISITES: ENGL 7003 or equivalent plus appointment as graduate teaching assistant in English.

†7005-8005. Reading for Comprehensives. (3). Arranged on an individual basis for English graduate students only. PREREQUISITE: Student must have completed required course work toward degree or be in the last semester of required course work.

†7006-8006. The English Profession. (3). Presentations relating to the profession of college teaching, including methods and means of research and publication in different fields of English.

†7007-8007. Teaching Skills for Graduate Assistants. (3). Overview and practical demonstrations of the art of teaching for graduate assistants. May be repeated for a maximum of 12 credit hours.

7020-49–8020-49. Special Topics in English. (3). Topics are announced in online course listings.

‡7100-8100. Independent Study. (1-3). Focuses on a selected topic dealing with language study or a literary form, theme, figure, or movement. Topic chosen by student and approved by student's advisor and Department Chair. Can be used only as an elective.

7211-8211. Medieval Literature. (3).

7230-8230. Chaucer. (3).

7232-8232. Shakespeare's Tragedies. (3).

7233-8233. Shakespeare's Comedies and Histories. (3).

7242-8242. English Renaissance Literature. (3).

7244-8244. Elizabethan and Jacobean Drama. (3).

7254-8254. English Literature of the Seventeenth Century. (3).

7256-8256. Milton. (3).

7264-8264. English Poetry and Prose, 1660-1800. (3).

7265-8265. Eighteenth Century British Novel. (3).

7276-8276. English Literature of the Romantic Period. (3).

7278-8278. Victorian Literature. (3).

7280-8280. Nineteenth Century British Novel. (3).

7291-8291. Modern British Novel. (3).

7292-8292. Modern British Poetry. (3).

7293-8293. Modern British Drama. (3).

7323-8323. American Literature to 1865. (3).

7324-8324. American Literature, 1865-1914. (3).

7391-8391. Modern American Novel. (3).

7392-8392. Modern American Poetry. (3).

7393-8393. Modern American Drama. (3).

7411-8411. European Literature to the Renaissance. (3).

7412-8412. European Literature since the Renaissance. (3).

7441-8441. European Fiction. (3). Movements and writers important to development of Continental Europe in the late eighteenth century to present.

7442-8442. Modern European Drama. (3).

7451-8451. Women and Literature. (3). Literature and criticism by and about women.

7452-8452. Biography: Process and Text. (3).

7462-8462. Contemporary British and/or Commonwealth Literature. (3). Authors, works, genres, and literary styles in development of contemporary British and Commonwealth literatures.

7464-8464. Contemporary American Literature. (3). Authors, works, genres, and literary styles in development of contemporary American literature.

7465-8465. African American Literature 1960 to the Present. (3). Major African American writers and/or movements from the 1960s up to the present.

7466-8466. Contemporary World Literatures in Translation. (3). Contemporary non-English fiction in translation, primarily from non-Western European cultures; focus on major movements and writers.

7467-8467. African American Literature, Beginnings to 1900. (3). Survey of African American literature from its beginnings up to and including the first works of the twentieth century.

7468-8468. Literature of the Harlem Renaissance. (3). Examination of poetry, prose, and drama from the period known as the "Harlem Renaissance" within the context of space, place, and geography.

7470-8470. Forms of Creative Nonfiction. (3). Creative nonfiction with attention to historical roots and contemporary theory and practice.

7471-8471. Forms of Fiction. (3). A study of how fiction works through analyzing the short story, the novella, and the novel with attention to historical developments.

7472-8472. Forms of Poetry. (3). A study of meters, forms, and types of poetry in English with attention to the principal traditions and critical ideas associated with the writing of verse in English.

7473-8473. Verbal/Visual Texts. (3). Repeatable up to 6 hours with change of topic.

7474-8474. Cultural Texts. (3). Repeatable up to 6 hours with change of topic.

7475-8475. Literary Publishing. (3). Development of skills involved in editing, producing, and marketing a literary magazine; further training in the skills of publishing the student’s own literary texts. May be repeated for a maximum of 6 credit hours with change in course content. PREREQUISITE: Permission of instructor.

7476-8476. Modern Popular and Literary Tradition. (3). Examination of issues (e.g. gender, nationalism, punishment) as they are represented in the texts of high and low culture beginning in the modern period, emphasizing how such representation challenges the distinction between high and low culture. May be repeated for a maximum of 6 credit hours.

7477-8477. Textuality: History, Culture, Form. (3). Historical examination of ways in which texts are produced. May be repeated for a maximum of 6 credit hours.

7478-8478. Textuality and Identity. (3). Relationship between textuality and social groups. May be repeated for a maximum of 6 credit hours.

7479-8479. Studies in Cultural Figures. (3). Examination of selected writers or cultural figures with emphasis on biography, bibliography, and the shape of the writer’s or figure’s career. May be repeated for a maximum of 6 credit hours.

7480-8480. Cultural Theories. (3). Advanced social, political, and cultural theories that structure the understanding of cultural texts. May be repeated for a maximum of 6 credit hours.

7481-8481. Early Popular and Literary Traditions. (3). Examination of the relationship of texts of both high and low culture up to the modern period. May be repeated for a maximum of 6 credit hours.

7485-8485. Literary Arts Programming. (3). Development of skills involved in planning and administering community arts events and organizations; further training in the skills of author interviewing and book reviewing. May be repeated for a maximum of 6 credit hours. PREREQUISITE: Permission of instructor.

7501-8501. History of the English Language. (3).

7511-8511. Introduction to Modern English. (3). An introduction to the nature of language with emphasis on basic principles of English phonology and morphology with special attention to syntax; emphasis on collecting and handling of linguistic data for research purposes.

7512-8512. English Syntax. (3). Study of structures of Modern English from perspective of various contemporary theories to see how form and meaning are integrally related; emphasis on methods of investigating questions that need to be asked in exploring new territory.

7513-8513. Dialectology. (3). Dialects and varieties of American English; emphasis on methods of analyzing data and techniques of eliciting responses to gain information about word forms, syntax, and pronunciation; social implications.

7514-8514. Sociolinguistics. (3). Language use in relation to social interaction and power structures; inequality in varied environments; appraisal of methodologies used in gathering and analyzing data.

7515-8515. Language and Literature. (3). Application of linguistic theory to analysis of literature, nature of literary language, and linguistic options open to writers.

7516-8516. Phonetics and Phonology. (3). Articulatory and linguistic phonetics, phonetic transcription, suprasegmental phonology, overview of English phonology, and information on teaching English pronunciation to speakers of other languages.

7517-8517. Studies in Discourse Analysis. (3). Examination of the tools and methods used by various subdisciplines of English (linguistics, rhetoric, and literature) to analyze forms of discourse, including legal, medical, scientific, technical, business, literary, academic, and oral texts.

†7530-8530. Field Experience and Practicum in ESL. (3, 6). Experience in observing and teaching, peer teaching, and work with an English as a Second Language (ESL) specialist.

7531-8531. Theory and History of ESL. (3). Survey of relation of linguistic principles to second language acquisition.

7532-8532. Principles of Skills Assessment in ESL. (3). Application of theories of teaching second language skills with emphasis on testing in a second language.

7533-8533. Methods and Techniques of ESL in K-12. (3). Techniques and resources for working with children and adolescents for whom English is a second language.

7534-8534. Second Language Acquisition, Bilingualism, and Bidialectalism. (3). Theories of second language acquisition, development of second language proficiency, and research in bilingualism.

7535-8535. ESL Grammar. (3). Grammatical systems and strategies of Modern English; analysis of English structures that tend to cause difficulty for ESL/SESD speakers.

7536-8536. Issues in Second Language Writing. (3). Emphasis on research in second language writing, especially the role of psychological, social, and cultural influences on learning to write in a second language.

7537-8537. Issues in Second Language Reading. (3). Emphasis on how non-native speakers of English learn to read in English, the effect of context and culture on L2 reading, and culturally related responses to reading and literacy traditions.

7538-8538. Cultural Issues in English as a Second Language. (3). Impact of culture on non-English language background speakers as well as the particular aspects of U.S. culture and traditions needed for successful acculturation.

7590-8590. Applied and Theoretical Linguistics. (3). Intensive study of specialized areas in English linguistics. Repeatable up to 9 hours with change of topic.

7601-8601. Creative Nonfiction Workshop. (3). Emphasis on examination and discussion of creative nonfiction written by students. Repeatable to a maximum of 12 hours. PREREQUISITE: Permission of instructor.

7602-8602. Fiction Workshop. (3). Emphasis on the examination and the discussion of fiction written by students. Repeatable to maximum of 12 hours. PREREQUISITE: Permission of instructor.

7603-8603. Poetry Workshop. (3). Emphasis on the examination and the discussion of poetry written by students. Repeatable to maximum of 12 hours. PREREQUISITE: Permission of instructor.

7701-8701. History of Criticism and Theory. (3). History of literary criticism and theory, classical to modern.

7702-8702. Contemporary Criticism and Theory. (3). Examination of major movements in contemporary literary criticism and theory.

7801-8801. History of Composition. (3). Development of approaches to composition traced to their roots in classical tradition through changes introduced by rise of Christianity, scientific revolution, emphasis on universal education in America, and recent shifts in the paradigm.

7802-8802. Theories of Composition: Early Perspectives. (3). Application of early theories of composition to tasks faced by modern writers and writing theorists; selections from early theorists, such as Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, Justin Martyr, and Augustine.

7803-8803. Theories of Composition: Modern Perspectives. (3). Writings of modern composition theorists, including Flower, Kinneavy, Shaughnessy, Young, and others, with special emphasis on invention, purpose, arrangement, style, and audience.

7805-8805. Foundations of Technical Writing. (3). Introduction to fields of scientific, and corporate writing; relevant theories in the fields, including classical rhetoric, modern discourse theory, cognitive psychology, and semiotics; extensive practice in writing and analyzing technical documents

7806-8806. Research Methods in Technical Writing. (3). Bibliographic techniques and an introduction to empirical methodologies for the study of the writing process and the testing of written documents.

7807-8807. Workshop: Government and Corporate Writing. (3). Textual and contextual analysis of the kinds of writing produced most often in government, law, and business; practice in writing correspondence reports, briefs, manuals, and proposals.

7808-8808. Workshop: Scientific and Technical Writing. (3). Textual and contextual analysis of the kinds of writing produced most often in industry and the academic research community; practice in writing documents such as technical proposals, reports, computer documentation, and papers for publication.

7809-8809. Technical Editing. (3). Current practices in editing and publication in the field of technical communication; topics include copy-editing, substantive editing, author-editor relations, and the production practice.

7810-8810. Document Design. (3). Theory of visual and written communication, focusing on the problem of how to integrate graphics and written text; practice in design and desktop publishing.

‡7811-8811. Internship in Professional Writing. (3). Assigned on the basis of qualifications and availability, student does a semester's work in technical, scientific, legal, government, or business writing and provides an extensive report and analysis. PREREQUISITE: ENGL 7/8805 and ENGL 7/8809

7812-8812. Memphis Urban Writing Institute I. (3). (Same as ICL 7304-8304). Intensive study of writing research, current writing practices, and issues and trends related to K-12 writing instruction.

7813-8813. Memphis Urban Writing Institute II. (3). (Same as ICL 7305-8305). Prepares K-12 teachers to improve their own writing practices and assume a leadership role in writing instruction in their schools.

7816-8816. Seminar in Theorists in Professional Writing. (3). A study of the works of major modern writing theorists in areas such as document design, collaboration, science, persuasion, editing, and writing process.

7817-8817. Seminar in Composition Theorists. (3). Readings from and study of major modern theorists in invention, argumentation, literacy, writing, and discourse.

7818-8818. Collaborative Writing. (3). Theoretical and research-based focus on managing and developing collaborative writing projects and processes.

7862-8862. Writing Technical Manuals. (3). Focus on theories of manual writing, including minimal and cognitive approaches, with discussion of learning strategies and usability studies.

†7996. Thesis. (1-6). A prospectus for the thesis must be approved by the student's advisor and the department chair before the student registers for this course. The completed thesis must be approved by at least two readers.

8900. English Studies Colloquium. (3). Defines and compares the history, methodologies, and current issues of each of the concentrations in the doctoral program to provide integrative understanding of the discipline.

†9000. Dissertation. (1-9). No more than 9 hours may be applied toward the degree.

†Grades of S, U, or IP will be given.
‡Grades of A-F, or IP will be given.