A. Program Admission

Admission to both the Graduate School and the department is required. To meet departmental requirements for admission, students must submit a letter of intent stating research interests and previous research experience, three letters of recommendation, and complete the GRE. Applicants are expected to have a bachelor's degree in geography; geological sciences; geophysics; some branch of the social, natural or physical sciences; computer science; engineering; or mathematics. Admission is based upon a number of factors including academic records, GRE scores, work or research experience, and career plans as described in the letter of intent. Applicants to the PhD program should make direct contact with one or more faculty members to discuss mutual research interests.

Admission to the program is not automatic upon meeting minimum departmental admission requirements. Students are selected from the pool of qualified applicants and the number selected depends on several factors including adequate faculty supervision, the availability of financial aid if requested, and the needs of the program. NOTE: Deadline for completion of submission is January 31 for the following fall semester and November 1 for the following spring semester. Summer school admission must be completed by April 1 for entrance into the Graduate School and the departmental program. Late submissions may be considered on an individual basis, but will normally be deferred to the following semester.

Students seeking a PhD degree are placed at the time of their admission into either the master's or PhD program by the faculty, based upon careful examination of their academic background, demonstrated abilities, and stated preferences on bypassing the masters. If a student is admitted to the master's degree program, the degree must be obtained before proceeding to the PhD unless a bypass petition is submitted to the Graduate Coordinator and approved by the DES Graduate Program Committee prior to the end of the student's first year of graduate study.

II. MA Degree Program in Earth Sciences (Geography concentration only)

Program objectives are: development of geographic knowledge of the following areas and ability to apply this knowledge to their career development: (1) human, economic & regional geography; (2) weather & climate, landforms, soil, biogeography, water resources; (3) environmental issues and natural hazards; and (4) geographic techniques, computer cartography, remote sensing, geographic information systems, global positioning system, quantitative and spatial analysis.

A. Program Requirements

1. Students may be required to make up deficiencies as determined by the student's graduate committee.
2. Completion of a minimum of 36 graduate credit hours (non thesis) or 32 graduate credit hours (thesis).
3. Satisfactory completion of ESCI 7900 (professional paper) or completion and successful defense of a thesis (ESCI 7996) for at least six semester hours. The professional paper option, if chosen, requires preparation of one paper of professional quality, suitable for publication in a professional journal.
4. Completion of ESCI 7000 and at least 1 of the following courses: ESCI 7310, ESCI 6515, ESCI 7801, ESCI 7305, or ESCI 6101.
5. Completion of one three-credit-hour graduate course (6000- or 7000-level) from each of the following core areas:
1. Environmental and earth sciences,
2. Human-economic geography;
3. Geographic techniques;
4. students not submitting acceptable undergraduate credit in quantitative methods or statistics will be required to take a quantitative methods or statistics course.
6. Preparation of an acceptable written thesis proposal (thesis option) and oral presentation of thesis proposal or research progress (“brown bag” presentation).
7. Successful completion of a written Comprehensive Examination. A written examination will be administered by the student's graduate committee after the end of the second semester and before the end of the third semester, as determined by the student's graduate committee. The student must have completed 18 graduate credit hours prior to taking the comprehensive examination. The examination will not exceed three hours in length and will cover basic material presented in courses taken since the student's enrollment in the DES graduate program.

III. MS Degree Program in Earth Sciences

Program objectives are: (1) ability to solve advanced earth science problems involving observations and measurements in the field and the laboratory; (2) attainment of advanced knowledge of earth science concepts and their application in one or more subdisciplines; and (3) preparation for professional employment or for entering a doctoral program in earth scinces or a related field.

A. Program Requirements

1. A student may be required to make up deficiencies as determined by the student's graduate committee.
2. Completion of at least 3 semester hours of graduate seminar coursework.
3. Completion and successful defense of a thesis (ESCI 7996): at least 6 semester hours.
4. Completion of ESCI 7000 and at least 1 of the following courses: ESCI 7310, ESCI 6515, ESCI 7801, ESCI 7305, or ESCI 6101.
5. At least 22 hours of coursework at or above the 7000-level (including thesis). NOTE: Students electing to write a thesis should familiarize themselves with the Thesis/Dissertation Preparation Guide before starting to write.
6. Preparation of an acceptable written thesis proposal (thesis option) and oral presentation of thesis proposal or research progress (“brown bag” presentation).
7. Successful completion of a written Comprehensive Examination. A written examination will be administered by the student's graduate committee after the end of the second semester and before the end of the third semester, as determined by the student's graduate committee. The student must have completed 18 graduate credit hours prior to taking the comprehensive examination. The examination will not exceed three hours in length and will cover basic material presented in courses taken since the student's enrollment in the DES graduate program.
8. Concentration requirements:
   1. Archaeology concentration:
   1. Completion of 12 semester hours of archeology graduate coursework. It is recommended that these 12 hours include courses in archaeological theory, methods, and fieldwork.
   2. Completion of elective graduate coursework, in consultation with the student's graduate committee, to obtain a minimum total of 32 semester hours.
   2. Geography concentration:
   1. Completion of 12 semester hours of geography graduate coursework. It is recommended that these 12 hours include courses in: environmental and earth sciences; human-economic geography, and geographic techniques. Students not submitting acceptable undergraduate credit in quantitative methods or statistics will be required to take a quantitative methods or statistics course.
   2. Completion of elective graduate coursework, in consultation with the student's graduate committee, to obtain a minimum total of 32 semester hours.
   3. Geology concentration:
   1. Completion of 12 semester hours of geology graduate coursework
   2. Completion of elective graduate coursework, in consultation with the student's graduate committee, to obtain a minimum total of 32 semester hours.
   4. Geophysics concentration:
   1. Completion of 12 semester hours of geophysics graduate coursework.
   2. Completion of elective graduate coursework, in consultation with the student's graduate committee, to obtain a minimum total of 32 semester hours.
   5. Interdisciplinary Studies concentration:
   1. Completion of 12 semester hours of archaeology, geography, geology or geophysics coursework.
   2. Completion of elective graduate coursework, in consultation with the student's graduate committee, to obtain a minimum total of 32 semester hours

IV. PhD Degree Program in Earth Sciences

Program objectives are: (1) understanding of important principles and concepts in at least one of the major disciplines of earth science with a more in-depth knowledge in a chosen research focus or foci; (2) expertise in experimental design, data analysis, and oral and written presentation of research results; and (3) competitive for professional positions in the field of earth sciences.

A. Nature of the Program

The doctorate prepares the student for a research career, primarily by establishing a broad knowledge of one of the basic areas of archaeology, geography, geology, or geophysics, and through the experience of successfully completing a dissertation of original research. The prescribed examinations will permit the student to demonstrate mastery of his or her chosen fields of expertise. The individual curriculum will reflect the student's preparation and the demands of the dissertation topic selected, and will assure a strong general knowledge of Earth Sciences.

1. Completion of a minimum of 72 semester hours beyond the bachelor's degree or a minimum of 40 semester hours beyond the master's degree. The courses to be completed shall be determined in consultation with the student's graduate committee.
2. Satisfactory performance on the Qualifying Examination. The Qualifying Examination will be given at the beginning of the third semester of residence, on or before a date set by the discipline Graduate Coordinator. At least one week prior to the examination date, a PhD student will present to his/her committee an abstract describing a topic that involves original research. The abstract should be no longer than one page and must describe an original concept or approach to a research problem with a suspected positive outcome deduced by the student. The subject may or may not become part of the dissertation. The exam will begin by the student giving a 15 to 20 minute presentation of the material in the abstract. An oral exam, not to exceed two hours, will follow covering (primarily) the topic described in the abstract but the questions can and should broaden to other areas.
3. Preparation of an acceptable written dissertation proposal and oral presentation of dissertation proposal or research progress (“brown bag” presentation).
4. Satisfactory completion of a Comprehensive Examination. The Comprehensive Examination will be given at the beginning of the fifth semester of residence, on a date set by the Graduate Coordinator. The purpose of the comprehensive examination is to determine the student's understanding of the chosen field of specialization ("depth") as well as general knowledge in earth sciences ("breadth"). The comprehensive examination will consist of a two-day (12 hours maximum) written examination followed no more than two days later by a two-hour oral examination. The oral examination will be used to clarify any points left in question by the written responses. A student should consult his or her dissertation advisor and graduate committee regarding the areas in which comprehension is expected.
5. Submission of two manuscripts for publication in peer-reviewed journals or books.
6. Completion and successful defense of a dissertation: (ESCI 9000) at least 9 hours. NOTE: Students should familiarize themselves with the Thesis/Dissertation Preparation Guide before starting to write.

V. Graduate Certificate Program in Geographic Information Systems

A. Admission to the Program

1. Students currently admitted to a graduate program at the U of M or other university or students already holding a graduate degree may apply for admission to the Graduate Certificate Program in Geographic Information Systems.
2. For students enrolled in a graduate program, a minimum GPA of 3.0 is required for admission.
3. In rare instances, students who have completed an undergraduate degree program but who have neither completed a graduate degree nor been admitted to a graduate program must apply to the Graduate School for admission as Non-Degree Seeking students; they will be considered for admission on an individual basis.
4. Students must apply to both the certificate program and the Graduate School. To apply, students submit:
1. transcript of undergraduate degree program and transcripts of prior and current graduate study;
2. two letters of recommendation;
3. A letter describing reasons why the student is interested in pursuing a graduate certificate in the area of geographic information systems and how the program corresponds with prior experience and anticipated career plans.
4. GRE scores are required and are an important factor in admission.
5. A minimum score of 550 on the TOEFL or 210 on the computer-based TOEFL and a minimum score of 50 on the Test of Spoken English (for students whose native language is not English)

B. Program Requirements

1. The proposed program requires completion of 18 semester credit hours.
2. Nine of the 18 hours must be met by satisfactory completion of three core courses:
1. ESCI 4515-6515 Geographic Information Science,
2. ESCI 4525-6525 Analytical Geographic Information Science,
3. ESCI 7504-8504 Seminar in Geographic Information Science
3. Nine credit hours of electives, selected in consultation with the Certificate Program Committee
4. In order to continue in the program, students must maintain at least a 3.0 GPA.

6101. Introduction to Global Geophysics. (3). (GEOP 6101). Covers the origin, evolution, and structure of planet earth from the geophysical perspective; accretion and composition of the earth, isotopic determination of ages, differentiation of oceanic and continental crust, mechanism of plate tectonics, seismic structure, gravity and magnetic fields of the earth. PREREQUISITES: Permission of the instructor.

6120. Geomorphometry. (3). (GEOG 6120). Quantitative analysis of the morphology of landforms, integrating data acquisition from field work, topographic maps, and digital terrain models; GPS and GIS are used to derive, store, manipulate, and analyze morphometric data. The course may not be repeated. PREREQUISITES: ESCI (GEOG) 1020, 1021, or ESCI (GEOL) 1040.

6122. Soils and Soil Processes. (3). (GEOG 6122). Processes and dynamics of soil profile development; major models of soil development examined and applied to soil genesis in Tennessee; application of soil techniques to archaeology, planning, earth sciences, and soil conservation and erosion problems; emphasis on field and laboratory techniques with field work in soil mapping and soil taxonomy. Two lecture, two laboratory hours per week.

6201. Urbanization and the Environment. (3). (GEOG 6201; same as PLAN 6201). A study of the ways humans have changed the natural environment by urbanization and how physical features and processes influence the development and function of cities.

6202. Geomorphology. (4). (GEOL 6202). Description, origin, and interpretation of landforms and their relationships to underlying structure and geologic history; processes acting on earths surface including active tectonics, weathering, mass-wasting, climate change, and fluvial, shoreline, and glacial processes. Three lecture, two laboratory hours per week; $15 material fee. PREREQUISITE: ESCI (GEOL) 1103.

6203. Environmental Geophysics. (4). (GEOP 6201). Survey of shallow geophysical prospecting methods, seismic reflection and refraction techniques, and electrical, magnetic and gravity field measurements; emphasis on practical measurements and fundamental principles governing acquisition and interpretation of geophysical data for shallow subsurface investigation. Three lectures, two laboratory hours per week. PREREQUISITE: Permission of the instructor.

6211. Physical Hydrogeology. (4). (GEOL 6211). Physical hydrogeology and development of groundwater; groundwater in hydrologic cycle; aquifer characteristics and tests. Three lectures and two laboratory hours each week; $15 material fee. PREREQUISITES: ESCI (GEOL) 1103 and one semester of calculus.

6213. Field Methods in Hydrology. (3). (Geol 6213). Introduction to and practice of field methods in solving hydrologic problems. PREREQUISITE: ESCI (GEOL) 4211 or 6211 or permission of instructor.

6214. Climatology. (3). (GEOG 6211). Study of climatic elements and methods of data analysis; application of climatology in agriculture, health, economics, and architecture. PREREQUISITE: ESCI (GEOG) 1010 and PHYS 2011 and 2110.

6215. Physical Climatology. (3). (GEOG 6215). Components of earth's energy balance; emphasis on solar radiation, heat transfer, and evapotranspiration. PREREQUISITES: ESCI (GEOG) 1010, PHYS 2011 and 2111.

6220. Geology and the Hazards of Earthquakes. (3). (GEOP 6220). Estimation of geological aspects and hazards associated with individual earthquakes and earthquakes on specific faults; covers earthquake rupture patterns, topographic expressions, estimating ages of prehistoric earthquakes, triggering, and associated landslide and debris flows. PREREQUISITE: Permission of the instructor.

6231. Water Resources. (3). (GEOG 6231; same as PLAN 6231). Study of hydrologic processes and their application to needs of cities, industry, agriculture, and recreation.

6241. Biogeography. (3). (GEOG 6241). Principles underlying spatial distribution of plants, including physical, biotic, and historical controls; vegetation dynamics; survey of patterns and processes of North American vegetation.

6251. Environmental Hazards. (3). (GEOG 6251). Interrelationships between human beings and natural hazards; importance of policy decisions; planet-wide climatic changes, potential changes in earth-sun relations, inadequate food production, local disasters, and nuclear contamination.

6252. Global Environmental Change. (3). (GEOG 6252). Understanding change occurring on the global scale from an interdisciplinary perspective; includes characteristics of natural systems, magnitude of human alternation of environmental systems, history of natural changes in climate and landscape, and the impact of these changes on our lives. PREREQUISITE: Permission of the instructor.

6301. Archaeology of North America. (3). Same as ANTH 6301). Intensive study of various prehistoric cultures from earliest times until historic contact. PREREQUISITE: ANTH 1100, 1200, 1300, or permission of instructor.

6307. Thematic Studies in China. (3). Geographic studies of the people, history, culture, and government of China, as well as analysis of role that China plays in the global economy.

6308-12. Special Topics in Regional Geography. (3) Geographic analysis of physical, cultural, and economic characteristics of selected regions of the world.

6325. Archaeological Field Techniques. (3-6). (Same as ANTH 6325). Field excavation, specimen preparation, use of survey instruments and photography, map making and archaeological record keeping; methods and techniques in archaeological laboratory analysis; emphasis on organization and supervision of laboratory procedures. May be repeated for maximum of 6 credit hours.

6332. Introduction to Geochemistry. (3). (GEOL 6332). Geological and chemical processes that govern or control the migration and distribution of the elements and atomic species in the earth in space and time. PREREQUISITE: CHEM 1110.

6341. Aqueous Geochemistry. (3). (GEOL 6341). Physical chemistry of aqueous solutions as it applies to geochemical processes on earths surface. PREREQUISITE: CHEM 1110.

6351. Advanced Structural Geology. (3). (GEOL 6351). Analysis of crustal structures: stress and strain in rocks, mechanical behavior of earth materials, mechanical interpretation of crustal structures. PREREQUISITE: ESCI (GEOL) 3512, MATH 1910.

6352. Old World Archaeology. (3). (Same as ANTH 6352). Old World cultures from first humans to early civilizations.

6361. Tectonics. (3). (GEOL 6361). Principles and geometry of plate tectonics; development of plate tectonic theory; relationship between plate motions and regional tectonics; structural, stratigraphic, magmatic and geophysical features of various tectonic regimes. PREREQUISITE: ESCI (GEOL) 3512 or equivalent.

6370-6379. Special Topics in Archaeology. (3). Addresses various areas of archaeology; topics are announced in the online course listing. May be repeated with change of topic.

6401. Introduction to Seismology. (4). (GEOP 6401). Lays the groundwork for understanding seismic wave propagation within the earth, explores the historical context of earthquakes and the earthquake source, and gives an overview of common seismological techniques used to understand earth structure and source parameters. Three lectures and two laboratory hours per week. PREREQUISITE: Calculus through vector calculus, or permission of instructor.

6431. Urban Geography. (3). (GEOG 6431). Allocation of land for urban uses; adjustments and adaptations to existing physical phenomena; patterns, functions, and forms of specific urban land areas; and some of the continuous problems of urban development and growth.

6443. Transportation Planning. (3). (GEOG 6443; same as PLAN 6443). Planning for various transportation modes and networks and impact on urban land-use and contemporary development problems.

6502. Computer Cartography. (3). (GEOG 6502; same as PLAN 6502). Instruction in use of computer mapping programs as effective techniques for visual presentation of a wide variety of data. Two lecture, two laboratory hours per week; $10 material fee.

6511. Remote Sensing of the Environment. (4). (GEOG 6511, GEOL 6512). Survey of theory and application of using color, infrared, thermal, and radar images generated from satellites and aerial photographs for geographic, geologic, environmental, and planning purposes. Three lecture, two laboratory hours per week; $10 material fee.

6515. Geographic Information Science. (3). (GEOG 6515; same as PLAN 6515). Introduction to theoretical and practical understanding of fundamental GIS concept, capabilities, and applications with emphasis on nature of geographic data and issues of data input, data models, database design,spatial analysis, and data output using ArcGIS software.Three lecture, two laboratory hours per week. PREREQUISITE: ESCI (GEOG) 1010 or 1020 or 1301 or 3430 or 4201, or permission of instructor.

6521. Quantitative Methods. (3). (GEOG 6521; same as PLAN 6521). Introduction to quantitative methods in spatial analysis. PREREQUISITE: Permission of instructor.

6525. Advanced Geographic Information Science. (3). (GEOG 6525). Introduction to design and implementation of spatial analysis approaches within context of GIS technology; further development of a sound understanding of operational basis of modern GIS technology. PREREQUISITE: ESCI (GEOG) 4/6515 or permission of instructor.

6531. Field Methods in Geography. (3). (GEOG 6531). Basic methods of geographic analysis used in classifying, analyzing, and reporting field-generated data including field mapping, sampling procedures, questionnaires, and archival and public document research. One and one-half lecture hours, three laboratory hours per week; $10 material fee.

6610-19. Special Topics in Geography. (3). (GEOG 6610-19). Topics are varied and announced in online course listings.

†6700. Earth Sciences Internship. (1-9). (GEOG 6700). Provides opportunity to gain experience working with an agency in which geographic knowledge can be utilized. May be repeated for a maximum of 9 hours. Credit allowed only after acceptance of report. PREREQUISITE: Approval of instructor and chair.

6701. Earth Sciences Field Excusions. (1-2). (GEOL 6701). Conducted field trips during spring vacation. About 30 hours of field work will follow 2-4 hours of lectures. Open to non-majors. Among the areas that may be included are Ouachita-Arbuckle-Wichita mountains of Oklahoma; Ouachita and adjacent mineral districts; central and southern Appalachians; and Gulf Coastal Plain. Check Online course listings for specific location. NOTE: May be repeated for a maximum of 8 credit hours. PREREQUISITE: Permission of instructor.

6841. Biblical Archaeology. (3). (Same as JDST 6841 and ANTH 6841). Relationship between historical texts in Hebrew Bible and historical evidence from archaeological research in Israel and surrounding area; emphasis on how archaeological evidence and Biblical narratives illuminate each other.

7000. Art of Earth Sciences. (3). Introduction to earth science research; includes project design, abstract and proposal preparation, and presentation skills.

7010-19–8010-19. Special Topics in Geology. (3). (GEOL 7010-19--8010-19). PREREQUISITE: Permission of Instructor.

7020-29--8020-29. Special Topics in Geophysics. (3). (GEOP 7020-29--8010-19).

7100. Basin Analysis. (3). (GEOL 7100). Integration of depositional models using subsurface correlation, seismic stratigraphy, and biostratigraphy in analysis of basin-scale sedimentary systems and their fluids. Two lecture, two laboratory hours per week. PREREQUISITE: ESCI (GEOL) 3712.

7102. Electron Beam Analysis. (3). (GEOL 7102). Introduction to scanning electron microscopy and electron beam microanalysis. One lecture, four laboratory hours per week. PREREQUISITE: CHEM 1020 or CHEM 1120 and permission of instructor.

7112. Regional Geophysical Synthesis. (3). (GEOP 7112). Theoretical and practical aspects of geophysics applied to determining earth structure and investigating tectonic processes at a regional scale; major topics include gravity, magnetism, heat flow, geoelectric, and seismic methods, and their implications for lithospheric structure and deformational processes. PREREQUISITE: ESCI (GEOP) 6101 or permission of instructor.

7120-8120. Seminar in Geomorphology. (3). (GEOG 7120-8120). Analysis and application of major geomorphic models; threshold, episodic, time-space, systems, and magnitude; frequency principles examined in both classroom and field; dating techniques applied to geomorphic interpretations; individual and team projects required.

7170. Sedimentary Petrology. (4). (GEOL 7170, 7352). Sedimentary rocks in the field, hand specimen, and through the microscope with view of explaining sedimentary rock classification, post depositional changes that occur in sediments, and the bearing these factors have on geology as whole. Three lecture and two laboratory hours per week. PREREQUISITE: ESCI (GEOL) 3311, 3712, and permission of instructor.

7190. Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. (4). (GEOL 7190). Description and interpretation of igneous and metamorphic rocks through study of thin sections. Two lecture, four laboratory hours per week. PREREQUISITE: ESCI (GEOL) 3312 or equivalent.

7195. Ground Water Hydraulics. (3). (GEOL 7195; same as CIVL 7195). Geological contributions to ground water flow; ground water contribution to water demand and conjunctive use; well hydraulics, design, and construction; pump selection; determine aquifer properties via field well tests. PREREQUISITES: ESCI (GEOL) 6211 and permission of instructor.

7197. Ground Water Quality and Control. (3). (GEOL 7197; same as CIVL 7197). Analyses of ground water quality and contamination problems; study of multispecies chemical reactions and radioactive and microbiological decay; techniques for monitoring and site remediation of ground water contamination. PREREQUISITE: CIVL 7170 or permission of instructor.

7201-8201. Geographic Analysis Seminar. (3). (GEOG 7201-8201; same as PLAN 7302). Analytical and qualitative critique of the physical environment with emphasis on environmental quality, including air and water quality standards, soil erosion, solid waste management, and nuisance control.

7202. Quaternary Geology. (3). (GEOL 7202). Synthesis of geomorphologic, stratigraphic, and geochronologic methods used to understand global glacial and interglacial climate fluctuations during last two million years. PREREQUISITE: Permission of instructor.

7204. Probability and Earthquake Hazard Analysis. (3). Fundamentals of basic probability, seismicity analysis, ground motion attenuation and site effects, seismic hazard analysis, and uncertainty analysis; students will perform a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for a region of their interest. PREREQUISITE: Permission of instructor.

7205. Data Analysis in Geophysics. (3). Overview of data analysis techniques and common tools in geophysics; includes working with the UNIX/LINUX environment; understanding shells; basic programming using Fortran, C, C++, and Perl; generating publishable graphics; emphasis on seismic data analysis using Matlab and Seismic Analysis Code. PREREQUISITE: Permission of instructor.

7220. Geochronology. (3). (GEOL 7220). Synthesis of geomorphologic, stratigraphic, and geochronologic methods used to understand global glacial and interglacial climate fluctuations during the last two million years. PREREQUISITE: Permission of instructor.

7221-8221. River Conservation. (3). (GEOG 7221-8221).. Field-based project studying how stream habitats vary under different hydraulic flow conditions, with lecture-based materials, interactive seminars, fieldwork, and lab work drawing on geography, conservation, geomorphology, hydrology, and ecology.

7231-8231. Seminar in Water Resources. (3). (GEOG 7231-8231). Issues, problems, and research on selected topics of surface and groundwater, water uses, and fluvial process.

7250. Hazard and Risk Assessment. (3). (GEOG 7250).Assesses and quantifies hazards and risks by introducing students to data, methods, and models used in hazards research; course content can be tailored to specific interests of students or provide a broad exposure to tools and techniques. PREREQUISITE: Permission of instructor.

7252. Multihazard Mitigation. (3). (GEOG 7252).Considers range and types of adjustments communities can participate in to manage risk associated with hazards such as earthquakes, floods, radiological and chemical hazards; emphasizes a multihazard approach to mitigation. PREREQUISITE: Permission of instructor.

7257. Archaeology of the Southeast. (4). Intensive study of various prehistoric cultures from earliest times until historic contact. Two lecture, four laboratory hours per week.

7301-8301. Seminar in Geography. (3). (GEOG 7301-8301). Regional analysis of selected areas of the world including: the U.S., Canada, Europe, former Soviet Union, Middle America, South America, Asia, Africa, and Oceania. May be repeated with a change in content for a maximum of 6 hours credit.

7305. Geologic Data Analysis. (3). (GEOL 7301). Use of the computer in data file construction and management, use of file with various programs, and use of statistical tests, regression lines, maps, and a classification of data sets with the aid of the computer. Two lecture and two laboratory hours per week. PREREQUISITE: COMP 1200 and permission of instructor.

7310. Archaeological Theory and Method. (3). (ANTH 7310). History of archaeology and development of conceptual framework for archaeological data collection and interpretation; current theories and methods including use of allied specialties. PREREQUISITE: Non-majors must have ANTH 1300 or permission of instructor.

7311. Public Archaeology. (3). (ANTH 7311). Roles and responsibilities of the archaeologist in contract and salvage work, in museum research and administration, and in the public dissemination of archaeological information. A review of relevant state and federal legislation.

7312-8312. Spatial Statistics. (3). (GEOG 7312-8312). Reviews a range of spatial analytical techniques and their implementation in state-of-the-art spatial statistics software. PREREQUISITE: ESCI (GEOG) 4521/6521 or permission of instructor.

7315-8315. Introduction to Modeling in the Earth Sciences. (3).(GEOL 7315-8315). Introduces concepts of models and modeling; students will learn to develop and use a broad spectrum of modeling techniques, from simple mathematical models to more sophisticated finite element, finite difference models, and statistical modeling. PREREQUISITE: Permission of instructor.

7325. Quaternary Paleoecology and Environmental Reconstruction. (4). Advanced study of cultural ecology in past envorinmental regimes; emphasis on interdisciplinary approach to extinct social systems and their relationship with the quaternary environment. Two lecture, four laboratory hours per week.

7327. Lithic Artifact Analysis. (3). Introduction to lithic artifact analysis and prehistoric stone tool technologies; raw material studies; typologies; technological studies; functional studies; hands-on experience with basics of flintknapping, debitage analysis, and use-wear analysis. PREREQUISITES: ANTH 1100, 1200, 1300, or permission of instructor.

7333. Advanced Archaeological Field Techniques. (1-6). Provides basic understanding of governmental archaeology, including phase I and II research; site survey, testing, and mapping; surface collections; and rapid site assessment.

7345. Geoarchaeological Material Science. (4). Review of issues, problems, and research on selected topics of geoarchaeological material science. Two lecture, four laboratory hours per week.

7353. Geodynamics. (3). (GEOP 7353). Physical processes necessary for understanding plate tectonics and geological phenomena such as solidification of magmas, mechanical behavior of faults, and subsidence of sedimentary basins; topics include stress and strain in earth's crust, bending of lithosphere, heat conduction in lithosphere, and mantel convection. PREREQUISITE: Permission of instructor.

7355. Earth Science Applications of Space-Based Geodesy. (3). (GEOP 7355). Introduces surveying using artificial satellites with emphasis on detecting, quantifying, and modeling changes in the geoid and earth's shape associated with geodynamic processes; concentrates on techniques such as VLBI, GPS, and INSAR; relationship to traditional geodesy and surveying also developed.

7375. Methods of Mathematical Physics I. (3). (GEOP 7376; same as MATH 7375). Vector space, matrices, tensors, vector fields, function spaces, differential and integral operators, transform theory, partial differential equations. PREREQUISITE: MATH 3120, 4242 and 4350 or permission of the instructor.

7376. Methods of Mathematical Physics II. (3). (GEOP 7376; same as MATH 7376). Complex variables, asymptotic expansions, special functions, calculus of variations, additional topics on matrices and operators, topics in non-linear analysis. PREREQUISITE: MATH 7375.

7390-99. Special Topics in Archaeology. (3-6). (ANTH 7380-89). Provides understanding of archaeological interpretation through detailed examination of current archaeological issues and topics. No more than 6 hours may be counted toward degree requirements in Earth Sciences.

7400. Advanced Field Methods in Geology. (3). (GEOL 7400). Conducted two- to five-day field studies in Geology. Topics will vary according to location and faculty interest. May be repeated for a maximum of 6 credit hours. Only three (3) credits may be applied to major. PREREQUISITE: Permission of instructor.

7401. Global Seismology. (3). Provides foundation for advanced graduate research, including fundamentals of continuum mechanics, vector calculus, and solutions of the vector wave equation in homogeneous and inhomogeneous media; understanding of current theories of earthquake occurrence and wave propagation within the earth. PREREQUISITE: Differential equations.

7402. Intermediate Seismology. (3). (GEOP 7402). Provides foundation in seismic wave propagation based on thorough understanding of point source radiation, plane wave theory, optic ray theory, and point sources in plane-layered media. PREREQUISITE: A couse in partial differential equations.

7403-8403. Advanced Topics in Geophysics. (3). (GEOP 7403). Topics may include aspects of theoretical seismology, rock rheology and convection, faulting mechanics, advanced potential field techniques, or advanced field methods. PREREQUISITE: Permission of Instructor.

7404-8404. Exploration Seismology. (4). Examines the reflective seismic approach to mineral exporation, and environmental and tectonic imaging; covers seismic data processing, data visualization, and acquisition procedures, including field equipment; hands-on experience analyzing seismic reflection records. Three lecture, two laboratory hours per week. PREREQUISITE: ESCI 6101, ESCI 6401, and permission of instructor.

7405-8405. Structural Interpretation of Seismic Reflection Data. (3). Practical application of reflection seismic method used in tectonic analysis of deformed belts and sedimentary basins, including case studies from around the world that emphasize integration of seismic reflection data with other surface and subsurface geological/ geophysical information, as well as use of restorable structural sections; basics of seismic processing are introduced in the framework of interpretation problems. PREREQUISITE: Permission of instructor.

7430-8430. Advanced Economic Geography. (3). (GEOG 7430-8430). Selected topics in economic geography. Subjects studied will vary. May be repeated with change in content for a total of 6 hours credit.

7434-8434. Studies in Land Use. (3). (GEOG 7434-8434). Systematic analysis of suburban and rural land use characteristics, patterns, and problems; focus on US.

7440. Tectonic Geomorphology. (3). (GEOP 7440). Examination of landscapes in regions of active deformation and role played by tectonics, surface processes, and climate in their origin; addresses range of spatial and temporal scales, encompassing long-term evolution of mountain belts to topography associated with individual structures and specific climate and tectonic conditions. PREREQUISITE: GEOP 6401 or permission of instructor.

7471-8471. Cultural Geography. (3). (GEOG 7471-8471). A systematic analysis of the manner in which selected culture traits interact with other patterned phenomena to produce distinctive geographic landscapes. Individual student study on selected problems is an integral part of this course.

7504-8504. Seminar in Geographic Information Systems. (3). (GEOG 7504-8504; same as PLAN 7504). Discussion of short- and long-term GIS science research topics by University Consortium of Geographic Information Science (UCGIS), such as Internet GIS, possible effects of Internet GIS on society, public participation GIS, participatory GIS, GIS for homeland security, geo-spatial society, and geo-visualization.

‡7541-8541. Field Studies in Geography. (3-6). (GEOG 7541-8541). Faculty-conducted field trip emphasizing study of geographical phenomena; location will vary; topics may include physical landscapes, land-use patterns, cross-cultural analysis, micro and regional economics, or other geographical processes. Credit hours are based on length of time in field. Requires research and written report. May be repeated with a change in content for maximum of 6 hours. PREREQUISITES: Permission of instructor and completion of special registration.

7602. Signal Processing for the Earth Sciences. (3). (GEOP 7602; GEOL 7358). Fundamentals of digital processing of geophysical data, both purely mathematical and applied aspects with attention to digital seismograms and gravity and magnetic data.

7603. Inverse Methods in Geophysics. (3). (GEOP 7603). Methods for parameter estimation in earth sciences, including review of linear algebra and vector spaces, introduction to probability and statistics, and solution of inverse linear and nonlinear problems; students will solve an inverse problem in their field of interest. PREREQUISITE: Mathematics in earth sciences.

7613. GIS and Human Health. (3). Fundamental concepts in using GIS to map and analyze geographical distributions of populations at risk, health outcomes, and risk factors; to explore associations between risk factors and health outcomes; and to address health problems. PREREQUISITE: Permission of instructor.

‡7621. Independent Study. (1-9). (GEOG 7621). Independent investigation of a research problem selected in consultation with the instructor. May be repeated for a maximum of 9 credit hours.

7701. Seminar in Geophysics. (3). (GEOL 7641, GEOP 7701).

7702-8702. Seminar in Seismology. (3). (GEOP 7702-8702).

7703-8703. Seminar in Geology. (3). (GEOL 7701-8701).

7704-8704. Seminar in Tectonics. (3). (GEOP 7704-8704).

7800-8800. Seminar in Archaeology. (3). May be repeated for a maximum of 6 credit hours.

7801. Geographic Thought and Methodology. (3). (GEOG 7801). Introduces student to major philosophies of geography and to methods of geographic research.

†7900. Professional Paper. (1). (GEOG 7900). Preparation and presentation of research paper.

‡7990. Research in Earth Science. (1-9). Graduate credit for non-thesis or -dissertation research in Earth Science. May be repeated for a maximum of 12 credit hours.

†7996. Thesis. (1-6). Student must research, write, and defend a thesis on a topic approved by major professor and advisory committee.

†9000. Dissertation (1-9).

†Grades of S, U, or IP will be given.

‡Grades of A-F, or IP will be given.